Transoral endoscopic vestibular approach Sistrunk procedure (TEVAS)-case report and scoping review.

Background: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital neck mass among the pediatric population. Less than 10% of the cases occur in adults. The standard of care for TGDC is surgical treatment with the Sistrunk procedure via a traditional transverse cervicotomy. This technique involves the resection of the cyst with its tract and the central portion of the hyoid bone body to avoid recurrence. The transoral vestibular approach has gained popularity as an alternative approach to open neck surgery in order to eliminate the transcervical scar associated with these procedures. Methods: We describe a case of an endoscopic Sistrunk procedure performed by the transoral vestibular approach. A scoping review of the transoral endoscopic vestibular approach Sistrunk procedure (TEVAS) was performed. The PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Lilacs, Scielo, Mary Ann Libert and Scopus databases were systematically searched by using a Medical Subject Heading (MeSH)-optimized search strategy. The selection of papers followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines after setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The case was successful and without complications. Five studies were included in the final analysis for this review. Conclusions: This novel approach to the Sistrunk procedure is an effective alternative way to treat TGDC in selected patients who are motivated to avoid a visible neck scar.

Transoral thyroid and parathyroid surgery in Brazil: where are we?

INTRODUCTION: thyroid surgery through the transoral vestibular approach is a reality in many countries. While several competing remote access techniques have been developed in the last 20 years, many were not reproducible. Transoral Endoscopic Neck Surgery (TNS) has been shown to be reproducible in different centers around the world, and approximately five years after its description it has been adopted relatively quickly for various reasons. To date, there are at least 7 Brazilian studies published, including a series of more than 400 cases. The aim of this work is to study the progression of Transoral Neck Surgery in Brazil and describe the profile of surgeons involved in this new approach. METHODS: this is a retrospective study with descriptive statistics. A REDCap based survey about transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA/TOEPVA) was done with 66 Brazilian surgeons regarding surgeon profile, numbers of cases performed by geographic region, what kind of training was necessary prior to the first case and behavior of the surgeon proposing these new approaches. RESULTS: response rate of this survey was 53%. To date, 1275 TOETVA/TOEPVA cases had been performed in Brazil, 1229 thyroidectomies (96.4%), 42 parathyroidectomies (3.3%) and 4 combined procedures (0.3%). Most of the cases were done in the southeast region (821, 64.4%), 538 (42.2%) cases in the State of São Paulo and 283 (22.2%) cases in the State of Rio de Janeiro. CONCLUSIONS: TOETVA is becoming popular in Brazil. Younger surgeons, especially those between 30 and 50 years old were more likely to adopt this approach.

Transoral thyroid and parathyroid surgery in Brazil: where are we? / Cirurgia transoral de tireóide e paratireóide no Brasil: onde estamos?

ABSTRACT Introduction: thyroid surgery through the transoral vestibular approach is a reality in many countries. While several competing remote access techniques have been developed in the last 20 years, many were not reproducible. Transoral Endoscopic Neck Surgery (TNS) has been shown to be reproducible in different centers around the world, and approximately five years after its description it has been adopted relatively quickly for various reasons. To date, there are at least 7 Brazilian studies published, including a series of more than 400 cases. The aim of this work is to study the progression of Transoral Neck Surgery in Brazil and describe the profile of surgeons involved in this new approach. Methods: this is a retrospective study with descriptive statistics. A REDCap based survey about transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA/TOEPVA) was done with 66 Brazilian surgeons regarding surgeon profile, numbers of cases performed by geographic region, what kind of training was necessary prior to the first case and behavior of the surgeon proposing these new approaches. Results: response rate of this survey was 53%. To date, 1275 TOETVA/TOEPVA cases had been performed in Brazil, 1229 thyroidectomies (96.4%), 42 parathyroidectomies (3.3%) and 4 combined procedures (0.3%). Most of the cases were done in the southeast region (821, 64.4%), 538 (42.2%) cases in the State of São Paulo and 283 (22.2%) cases in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Conclusions: TOETVA is becoming popular in Brazil. Younger surgeons, especially those between 30 and 50 years old were more likely to adopt this approach.

RESUMO Introdução: a cirurgia de tireoide por via transoral vestibular é uma realidade em muitos países. Embora várias outras técnicas de acesso remoto tenham sido desenvolvidas nos últimos 20 anos, muitas não eram reprodutíveis. A cirurgia endoscópica cervical transoral (TNS - Transoral Neck Surgery) tem se mostrado reprodutível em diferentes centros ao redor do mundo sendo que, aproximadamente cinco anos após sua descrição, foi adotada de forma relativamente rápida por vários motivos. Até o momento, existem pelo menos 7 estudos brasileiros publicados, incluindo uma série de mais de 400 casos. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a evolução da Cirurgia Transoral do Pescoço (TNS) no Brasil e descrever o perfil dos cirurgiões envolvidos nesta nova abordagem. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo. Uma pesquisa online hospedada no REDCap sobre tireoidectomia e paratireoidectomia endoscópica transoral por abordagem vestibular (TOETVA/TOEPVA) foi realizada com 66 cirurgiões brasileiros. Foram levantados dados sobre o perfil do cirurgião, número de casos realizados por região geográfica, que tipo de treinamento foi necessário antes do primeiro caso e comportamento do cirurgião durante o relacionamento com o paciente ao abordar essas novas técnicas. Resultados: a taxa de resposta desta pesquisa foi de 53%. Até o momento, 1.275 casos de TOETVA/TOEPVA foram realizados no Brasil, sendo 1.229 tireoidectomias (96,4%), 42 paratireoidectomias (3,3%) e 4 procedimentos combinados (0,3%). A maioria dos casos foi realizada na região sudeste (821, 64,4%), 538 (42,2%) casos no estado de São Paulo e 283 (22,2%) casos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Conclusões: a TOETVA está se popularizando no Brasil. Cirurgiões mais jovens, especialmente aqueles entre 30 e 50 anos, são mais propensos a adotar essa abordagem.

Safely performing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomies on COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit: A standardized approach.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have afflicted hundreds of millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. During this pandemic, otolaryngologists have sought to better understand risk factors associated with COVID-19 contamination during surgical procedures involving the airways such as tracheostomies. OBJECTIVE: This study provides a standardized technique of performing an ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) on COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). It also outlines safety strategies for health care providers that includes proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and regular testing of otolaryngologists for COVID-19 contamination. METHODS: This study analyzed data from 44 PDT procedures performed on COVID-19 patients in the ICU of hospitals in Sao Paulo and Santos, Brazil. The PDT procedures were conducted between April 2020 and August 2020, which coincided with a peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. Surgeons were tested for COVID-19 using a two-stage serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for SARS-CoV-2 antigens. CONCLUSION: This study describes a safe standardized technique of US-guided PDT for COVID-19 patients in the ICU using a method that also decreases the risk of surgeon contamination.

Quality of life after Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy.

BACKGROUND: Supracricoid partial laryngectomy has good oncologic results in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer with the advantage of preserving larynx phonatory function when compared with total laryngectomy. However the rehabilitation could be a challenge, especially regarding swallowing function. Is supracricoid partial laryngectomy associated with better quality of life than total laryngectomy? METHODS: Survey study that included 33 patients (16 total laryngectomy and 17 supracricoid partial laryngectomy) with advanced larynx cancer surgically treated and fully rehabilitated. The quality of life were evaluated with EORTC QLQ C30 and H&N 35 instrument. RESULTS: Patients who underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy obtained better scores in global health status-quality of life and general activities and had lower levels of sensory and speech-related symptoms. CONCLUSION: SPL was associated with better quality of life when compared with TL.

Predictors of difficulty in bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is currently one of the main procedures performed in an intensive care unit (ICU). However, there are no well-defined indicators of technical difficulty in performing the procedure. OBJECTIVES: to define predictors of difficulty in performing bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. METHODOLOGY: prospective cohort study encompassing 21 patients who underwent bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in the ICU at a single center. RESULTS: Sternohyoid (SH) distance shorter than 7 cm is associated with a 50% increase in the risk of technical difficulty (OR 0.44 and p <0.03). CONCLUSION: the reduction in (SH) distance is related to an increased risk of difficulty in performing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in the ICU bed.

Predictors of difficulty in bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: pilot study / Preditores de dificuldade em traqueostomia percutânea à beira do leito: estudo piloto

ABSTRACT Introduction: percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is currently one of the main procedures performed in an intensive care unit (ICU). However, there are no well-defined indicators of technical difficulty in performing the procedure. Objectives: to define predictors of difficulty in performing bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. Methodology: prospective cohort study encompassing 21 patients who underwent bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in the ICU at a single center. Results: Sternohyoid (SH) distance shorter than 7 cm is associated with a 50% increase in the risk of technical difficulty (OR 0.44 and p <0.03). Conclusion: the reduction in (SH) distance is related to an increased risk of difficulty in performing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in the ICU bed.

RESUMO Introdução: a traqueostomia percutânea é hoje um dos principais procedimentos realizados em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Não há, contudo, indicadores bem definidos de dificuldade técnica na realização do procedimento. Objetivos: definir preditores de dificuldade para realização de traqueostomia percutânea. Metodologia: estudo de coorte prospectivo no qual foram incluídos 21 pacientes submetidos a traqueostomia percutânea à beira leito, na UTI, em um único centro. Resultados: distância EH menor que 7 cm está associada a aumento de 50% na chance de dificuldade técnica (OR 0,44 e p<0,03). Conclusão: a redução da distância EH está relacionada com aumento do risco de dificuldade em realizar a traqueostomia percutânea à beira do leito, em UTI.

Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in Head And Neck Surgery reconstructions: critical analysis.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the results of the use of the pectoralis major flap in the reconstruction of head and neck surgeries. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective study with data bank analysis and review of medical records of patients with head and neck cancer operated at the Discipline of Head and Neck Surgery, Surgery Department, São Paulo Holy Home of Mercy, using the pectoralis major flap for reconstruction, in a period of 16 years. We analyzed age, gender, primary site of neoplasia, clinical staging, preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and complications, classified as major and minor. RESULTS: the series comprised 92 patients, of whom 86 (93.5%) were men; the mean age was 61.39 (±11.35) years; the most common primary sites were the mouth, in 35 cases (38%), oropharynx, in 21 (22.8%), and larynx, in 18 cases (19.6%). The majority of patients were in stage IV (88/92, 95.6%) and only four (4.3%) had preoperative RT. The overall complication rate was 48.9%, but only 6.5%, characterized as major complications. In the univariate statistical analysis, we found no factors related to the occurrence of complications. Only the primary neoplasm site presented marginal significance (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: the pectoralis major flap is safe, with few complete and effective losses in reconstructions in head and neck surgeries, with low rates of major complications, being an option to be considered.

Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in Head And Neck Surgery reconstructions: critical analysis / O retalho do músculo peitoral maior nas reconstruções em Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço: análise crítica

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the results of the use of the pectoralis major flap in the reconstruction of head and neck surgeries. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study with data bank analysis and review of medical records of patients with head and neck cancer operated at the Discipline of Head and Neck Surgery, Surgery Department, São Paulo Holy Home of Mercy, using the pectoralis major flap for reconstruction, in a period of 16 years. We analyzed age, gender, primary site of neoplasia, clinical staging, preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and complications, classified as major and minor. Results: the series comprised 92 patients, of whom 86 (93.5%) were men; the mean age was 61.39 (±11.35) years; the most common primary sites were the mouth, in 35 cases (38%), oropharynx, in 21 (22.8%), and larynx, in 18 cases (19.6%). The majority of patients were in stage IV (88/92, 95.6%) and only four (4.3%) had preoperative RT. The overall complication rate was 48.9%, but only 6.5%, characterized as major complications. In the univariate statistical analysis, we found no factors related to the occurrence of complications. Only the primary neoplasm site presented marginal significance (p = 0.06). Conclusion: the pectoralis major flap is safe, with few complete and effective losses in reconstructions in head and neck surgeries, with low rates of major complications, being an option to be considered.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os resultados do uso do retalho de músculo peitoral maior nas reconstruções de cirurgias de cabeça e pescoço. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo com análise de banco dados e revisão de prontuários de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço operados na Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Departamento de Cirurgia da Santa Casa de São Paulo em um período de 16 anos, utilizando-se o retalho de músculo peitoral maior para reconstrução. Foram analisados idade, sexo, sítio primário da neoplasia, estadiamento clínico, radioterapia (RT) pré-operatória e as complicações encontradas, classificadas em maiores e menores. Resultados: a casuística foi de 92 pacientes, dos quais 86 (93,5%) eram homens; a média de idade foi de 61,39 (dp±11,35) anos; os sítios primários mais acometidos foram boca em 35 casos (38%); orofaringe em 21 casos (22,8%) e laringe em 18 casos (19,6%). A maioria dos pacientes encontrava-se no estádio IV (88/92; 95,6%) e apenas quatro (4,3%) tinham realizado a RT pré-operatória. A taxa global de complicações foi de 48,9%, mas apenas 6,5% caracterizadas como complicações maiores. Na análise estatística univariada, não foram encontrados fatores relacionados à ocorrência das complicações. Apenas o sítio primário da neoplasia apresentou significância marginal (p=0,06). Conclusão: o retalho de músculo peitoral maior é seguro, com poucas perdas completas e eficaz nas reconstruções em cirurgias de cabeça e pescoço, com baixas taxas de complicações maiores, sendo uma opção a ser considerada.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos à tratamento cirúrgico / Assessing the quality of life of patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent surgical treatment

Introdução: o câncer de laringe representa cerca de 25% das neoplasias malignas da região de cabeça e pescoço sendo um importante representante das doenças malignas no país. O câncer de laringe é uma doença cujo tratamento acarreta impacto significante na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Sua região anatômica concentra funções como fala e deglutição que são essenciais para o convívio social do ser humano. Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos à laringectomia no HSPM. Casuística e métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal no qual foram incluídos os pacientes com câncer de laringe tratados no HSPM no período de 2002 a 2012. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada através dos questionários EORTC C30 e H&N35. Resultados: foram incluídos um total de 14 pacientes. A qualidade de vida global foi de 89,9. No domínio funcional a principal função acometida foi a emocional. No sintomático do questionário C30, os sintomas que mais pontuaram foram insônia e dispnéia. Na avaliação do questionário específico os principais sintomas foram ganho de peso, uso de analgésico, fala e sexualidade. Conclusão: os pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico no HSPM apresentaram uma boa qualidade de vida

Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos à tratamento cirúrgico / Assessing the quality of life of patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent surgical treatment

Introdução: o câncer de laringe representa cerca de 25% das neoplasias malignas da região de cabeça e pescoço sendo um importante representante das doenças malignas no país. O câncer de laringe é uma doença cujo tratamento acarreta impacto significante na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Sua região anatômica concentra funções como fala e deglutição que são essenciais para o convívio social do ser humano. Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos à laringectomia no HSPM. Casuística e métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal no qual foram incluídos os pacientes com câncer de laringe tratados no HSPM no período de 2002 a 2012. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada através dos questionários EORTC C30 e H&N35. Resultados: foram incluídos um total de 14 pacientes. A qualidade de vida global foi de 89,9. No domínio funcional a principal função acometida foi a emocional. No sintomático do questionário C30, os sintomas que mais pontuaram foram insônia e dispnéia. Na avaliação do questionário específico os principais sintomas foram ganho de peso, uso de analgésico, fala e sexualidade. Conclusão: os pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico no HSPM apresentaram uma boa qualidade de vida(AU)

Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos à tratamento cirúrgico

Introdução: o câncer de laringe representa cerca de 25% das neoplasias malignas da região de cabeça e pescoço sendo um importante representante das doenças malignas no país. O câncer de laringe é uma doença cujo tratamento acarreta impacto significante na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Sua região anatômica concentra funções como fala e deglutição que são essenciais para o convívio social do ser humano. Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos à laringectomia no HSPM. Casuística e métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal no qual foram incluídos os pacientes com câncer de laringe tratados no HSPM no período de 2002 a 2012. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada através dos questionários EORTC C30 e H&N35. Resultados: foram incluídos um total de 14 pacientes. A qualidade de vida global foi de 89,9. No domínio funcional a principal função acometida foi a emocional. No sintomático do questionário C30, os sintomas que mais pontuaram foram insônia e dispnéia. Na avaliação do questionário específico os principais sintomas foram ganho de peso, uso de analgésico, fala e sexualidade. Conclusão: os pacientes com câncer de laringe submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico no HSPM apresentaram uma boa qualidade de vida

[GST genes expression as prognostic factor in papillary thyroid cancer]. / Sistema Glutation-S-Transferase como fator prognóstico no carcinoma papilífero da tireoide.

PURPOSES: Analyze the relationship between the AMES classification and molecular factors from Glutation-S-Transferase System, specifically the GSTT1 and GSTM1 in patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer. METHODS: Samples of thyroid tissue of 66 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were obtained (53 women and 13 men). Patients were divided in two groups (high and low risk) according to the AMES classification. In each group, presence of the null genotype of both GST enzymes system was studied. These results were compared with the AMES classification. Samples were obtained in the operating room immediately after thyroidectomy, placed in cryotubes, immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored in a freezer at -80 masculineC. DNA of this enzymes was extracted by the fenol-cloroformium method. RESULTS: There were 17 high risk patients and 49 low risk patients. The null genotype of the high risk group was 5.8% and in the other group was 6.1%. CONCLUSION: There was no relationship between absence of genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 and prognosis of the papillary thyroid carcinoma when compared to the AMES classifications.

Sistema Glutation-S-Transferase como fator prognóstico no carcinoma papilífero da tireoide / GST genes expression as prognostic factor in papillary thyroid cancer

OBJETIVO: Analisar se existe relação entre os fatores moleculares dos genes GTS e a mortalidade dos pacientes com câncer de tireoide dado pelo índice AMES de prognóstico clínico. MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas amostras da tireoide de 66 pacientes com carcinoma papilífero (53 mulheres e 13 homens), de modo a permitir extração do material genético das enzimas. Foram constituídos dois grupos, segundo os fatores prognósticos clínicos de alto e baixo risco, de acordo a classificação AMES. Cada grupo foi avaliado pela presença ou não do genótipo nulo para as enzimas estudadas, correlacionando-os com os fatores prognósticos clínicos (AMES). RESULTADOS: Foram analisados os resultados de 17 doentes com alto risco (grupo A) e 49 com baixo (grupo B). Todas combinações de genótipos do GSTT1 e GSTM1 foram encontrados. O genótipo nulo dos dois genes do grupo de alto risco foi encontrado em 5,8 por cento e no de baixo risco em 6,1 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A presença ou deleção dos genes GST (GSTT1 e GSTM1) não são bom fatores prognósticos no câncer papilífero da tireoide.

PURPOSES: Analyze the relationship between the AMES classification and molecular factors from Glutation-S-Transferase System, specifically the GSTT1 and GSTM1 in patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer. METHODS: Samples of thyroid tissue of 66 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were obtained (53 women and 13 men). Patients were divided in two groups (high and low risk) according to the AMES classification. In each group, presence of the null genotype of both GST enzymes system was studied. These results were compared with the AMES classification. Samples were obtained in the operating room immediately after thyroidectomy, placed in cryotubes, immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored in a freezer at -80ºC. DNA of this enzymes was extracted by the fenol-cloroformium method. RESULTS: There were 17 high risk patients and 49 low risk patients. The null genotype of the high risk group was 5.8 percent and in the other group was 6.1 percent. CONCLUSION: There was no relationship between absence of genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 and prognosis of the papillary thyroid carcinoma when compared to the AMES classifications.

Comparative analysis of the prevalence of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) system in malignant and benign thyroid tumor cells.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: When null, the mu and theta genes of the glutathione S-transferase system (GSTM1 and GSTT1, respectively) are related to malignant tumors affecting the lungs, colon, prostate, bladder and head and neck. In the thyroid, the appearance of cancer has been correlated with deletion of these genes. The aim of this study was to compare the frequencies of these genes in patients with benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a cross-sectional clinical trial carried out in the Head and Neck Surgery Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Santa Casa de São Paulo. METHODS: Samples of thyroid tissue were collected from 32 patients and divided into two groups: benign tumor (A) and malignant tumor (B). After DNA extraction, the genes were amplified using PCR. RESULTS: The B group presented four cases of positive genotyping for both genes, seven positive for GSTT1 and negative for GSTM1, two negative for GSTT1 and positive for GSTM1, and only one case of double negative. The A group showed 11 cases with positive genotyping for both genes and none with the double negative genotype. CONCLUSION: In this study, there was no relationship between the presence of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes and the benign and malignant thyroid tumors.

Comparative analysis of the prevalence of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) system in malignant and benign thyroid tumor cells

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: When null, the mu and theta genes of the glutathione S-transferase system (GSTM1 and GSTT1, respectively) are related to malignant tumors affecting the lungs, colon, prostate, bladder and head and neck. In the thyroid, the appearance of cancer has been correlated with deletion of these genes. The aim of this study was to compare the frequencies of these genes in patients with benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a cross-sectional clinical trial carried out in the Head and Neck Surgery Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Santa Casa de São Paulo. METHODS: Samples of thyroid tissue were collected from 32 patients and divided into two groups: benign tumor (A) and malignant tumor (B). After DNA extraction, the genes were amplified using PCR. RESULTS: The B group presented four cases of positive genotyping for both genes, seven positive for GSTT1 and negative for GSTM1, two negative for GSTT1 and positive for GSTM1, and only one case of double negative. The A group showed 11 cases with positive genotyping for both genes and none with the double negative genotype. CONCLUSION: In this study, there was no relationship between the presence of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes and the benign and malignant thyroid tumors.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Os genes do sistema glutationa S-transferase mu e theta (GSTM1 e GSTT1, respectivamente), quando nulos, apresentam relação com tumores malignos de pulmão, cólon, próstata, bexiga e cabeça e pescoço, podendo nesses casos ser utilizados como marcadores tumorais. Na tireóide, o surgimento do câncer tem sido relacionado à deleção desses genes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a freqüência dos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 em pacientes com tumores benignos e malignos da glândula tireóide. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo clínico transversal, realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Amostras de tecido tireoidiano foram coletados de 32 pacientes e divididas em dois: tumor benigno (A) e carcinoma (B). Após extração do DNA os genes foram amplificados em reação de polimerase em cadeia. RESULTADOS: O grupo B apresentou 4 casos de genótipo positivo para ambos os genes, 7 positivos para GSTT1 e negativos para GSTM1, 2 negativos para GSTT1 e positivos para GSTM1, e apenas 1 caso duplo negativo. Já o grupo A mostrou 11 casos com genótipo positivo para ambos os genes e nenhum com o genótipo duplo negativo. CONCLUSÃO: Não há relação entre a presença dos genes GSTT1 e GSTM1 com o carcinoma bem diferenciado e os tumores benignos da tireóide em nossos casos.